{"id":11067,"date":"2022-10-10T07:30:32","date_gmt":"2022-10-10T07:30:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/?p=11067"},"modified":"2025-04-23T09:37:21","modified_gmt":"2025-04-23T09:37:21","slug":"how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/","title":{"rendered":"How successful is China&#8217;s emissions trading system?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>China is tackling data integrity issues within its carbon market, but more efforts are urgently needed to establish effective controls and minimise complications brought on by other policy drivers, write <strong>Alistair Ritchie<\/strong> and <strong>Chen Yi<\/strong> from <strong>China Dialogue<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>As concern about climate change increases, a growing number of countries have pledged to reduce carbon emissions by implementing one of the most cost-effective solutions, an emissions trading system (ETS). So far, jurisdictions accounting for 55% of global GDP are using emissions trading.<\/p>\n<p>China\u2019s recently established national ETS has drawn tremendous attention worldwide. It is expected to serve as China\u2019s primary tool to meet its \u2018dual carbon\u2019 targets of CO2 peaking before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060. The largest ETS globally, it accounts for 40% of China\u2019s emissions and more than 10% of worldwide emissions, with the potential to double in size once industrial sectors are added to the already-covered energy sector. It is also the first nationwide ETS in a large developing country.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/lp-cta-gateway\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7246 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-gateway.png\" alt=\"launchpad gateway\" width=\"4680\" height=\"786\" srcset=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-gateway.png 4680w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-gateway-300x50.png 300w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-gateway-1024x172.png 1024w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-gateway-768x129.png 768w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-gateway-1536x258.png 1536w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-gateway-2048x344.png 2048w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-gateway-1920x322.png 1920w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-gateway-1170x197.png 1170w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-gateway-585x98.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4680px) 100vw, 4680px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>How does China\u2019s ETS work?<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>China\u2019s national emissions trading system (ETS) gives each covered company the right to emit a certain amount of CO2.<\/li>\n<li>The amount is based on an emission intensity benchmark and the company\u2019s level of output.<\/li>\n<li>If a company then emits less than its allocated allowance, it can sell the excess on the market.<\/li>\n<li>If more, it must purchase allowances or offsets from the market.<\/li>\n<li>Thus, companies are incentivised to reduce emissions from production activities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>How successful has China\u2019s ETS been to date?<\/h4>\n<p>July 2022 saw the first anniversary of trading under China\u2019s ETS, by which time 194 million tonnes of carbon emissions allowances worth over $1 billion had been traded on the market. The first compliance cycle saw over 99% compliance out of 2,162 power companies.<\/p>\n<p>Despite these achievements, there are some key roadblocks. At the top of this list is data quality and integrity.<\/p>\n<p>In July 2021, a power plant in Inner Mongolia was found to have falsified its emissions report by doctoring the date of carbon content testing of the coal it was burning, affecting at least 1 million tonnes of emissions allowances worth $7 million. Additional cases were also found and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE) issued a notice requiring provincial environment departments to comprehensively examine data quality. If data was found to be false, they should make adjustments and impose sanctions, stated the notice.<\/p>\n<p>Some observers blamed the fraudulent behaviour on a December 2019 announcement of an extremely high default value for the carbon content of coal used in the first compliance cycle. This high value was intended to encourage companies to submit actual testing data rather than using the default. But it came too late to drive more testing for 2019, and instead tempted companies to risk faking test reports.<\/p>\n<p>At a broader level, multiple factors have increased the risk of this type of event.<\/p>\n<div style=\"clear:both; margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:2em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/what-are-new-pollutants-and-how-does-china-plan-to-clean-them-up\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"dofollow\" class=\"u76c5d430ba227e234bf5f4e67fbfccc3\"><style> .u76c5d430ba227e234bf5f4e67fbfccc3 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #E74C3C!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u76c5d430ba227e234bf5f4e67fbfccc3:active, .u76c5d430ba227e234bf5f4e67fbfccc3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u76c5d430ba227e234bf5f4e67fbfccc3 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u76c5d430ba227e234bf5f4e67fbfccc3 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:#E74C3C; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u76c5d430ba227e234bf5f4e67fbfccc3 .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u76c5d430ba227e234bf5f4e67fbfccc3:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } <\/style><div style=\"padding-left:1em; padding-right:1em;\"><span class=\"ctaText\">Read Also<\/span>&nbsp; <span class=\"postTitle\">What are 'new pollutants' and how will China clean them up?<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div>\n<p><strong>Firstly, sanctions<\/strong>: the fine for fraud, at $3,000 to $4,500, is insignificant compared to the potential gain from fraud. The boundaries of responsibility for data quality are insufficiently clear among different participants, including companies, verification agencies, testing agencies and consultancies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Secondly, verification<\/strong>: provincial governments are responsible for selecting verification agencies and tend to prefer local ones. This can rule out more experienced and better qualified agencies from other provinces. Moreover, provincial governments have allocated limited funds for paying for verification, and there are not yet settled qualification requirements for verifiers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Thirdly, monitoring and reporting<\/strong>: the regulations and guidelines are not sufficiently clear or detailed. For example, in detecting coal carbon content, there appears to be room for tampering with coal samples during collection and preparation.<\/p>\n<p>Data quality and integrity have been high on the government\u2019s agenda. Improved reporting guidelines were published in December 2021 and March 2022; verifiers found guilty of misconduct have been named and shamed; the extremely high default value of carbon content in coal has been replaced; and ETS legislation has been included in this year\u2019s State Council legislative work plan, which would provide the stricter penalties for non-compliance that the ETS needs.<\/p>\n<p>Improving data quality will be the main priority of the MEE in 2022 and 2023, including accelerating further amendments to monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) guidelines; enhancing emissions data supervision by regular checks at national, provincial and municipal levels; increasing information disclosure; building a system to classify organisations according to their compliance history and supervising them accordingly; and increasing the penalties for violations.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>China should look again at best practices in South Korea and the European Union\u2019s ETS<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>These are big steps in the right direction. However, it appears that China\u2019s priorities on <a href=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/inside-chinas-zero-covid-strategy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zero-Covid<\/a> and economic recovery may be complicating efforts to address integrity issues. For example, in view of these priorities, the MEE issued a notice in June 2022 to adjust Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) requirements during the second compliance cycle. It stated that companies with three or more months of carbon content test results per year can use the average of these results to calculate emissions for any months that have no test results, instead of using a high default value under the previous requirements. This adjustment appears to leave room for companies to test during months when they are using coal with a lower carbon content.<\/p>\n<p>A fundamental necessity for China\u2019s National ETS is a robust MRV system. This needs to be supported by efficient IT systems, strong security measures, and effective sanctions for non-compliance. This will promote market participants\u2019 confidence, sectoral expansion, and international support and credibility.<\/p>\n<div style=\"clear:both; margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:2em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/the-biggest-trends-in-chinas-food-and-drink-market\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"dofollow\" class=\"u7441d20cfa4522a12c9a0b69f7af5fb4\"><style> .u7441d20cfa4522a12c9a0b69f7af5fb4 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #E74C3C!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u7441d20cfa4522a12c9a0b69f7af5fb4:active, .u7441d20cfa4522a12c9a0b69f7af5fb4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u7441d20cfa4522a12c9a0b69f7af5fb4 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u7441d20cfa4522a12c9a0b69f7af5fb4 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:#E74C3C; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u7441d20cfa4522a12c9a0b69f7af5fb4 .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u7441d20cfa4522a12c9a0b69f7af5fb4:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } <\/style><div style=\"padding-left:1em; padding-right:1em;\"><span class=\"ctaText\">Read Also<\/span>&nbsp; <span class=\"postTitle\">The biggest trends in China\u2019s food and drink market<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div>\n<p>China is making progress in improving the integrity of its MRV system, but more work is urgently needed. The ETS law at the State Council level needs to be adopted; a strong accreditation system for verification agencies needs to be established to ensure consistent and high-quality verification across provinces; fees for verification should be sufficient to do a thorough job; and MRV regulations and guidelines need to be clearer and more detailed.<\/p>\n<p>China should look again at MRV best practices in the European Union\u2019s ETS and the MRV system in the South Korean ETS, the frontrunner in Asia. At the same time, the system\u2019s integrity should be protected from being compromised by other policy drivers.<\/p>\n<p>China is not alone in facing integrity issues in the early stages of an ETS. There were some major fraud cases during the initial phases of the EU ETS. However, lessons were learned quickly and effective controls were established. China must also overcome these challenges quickly to pave the way for its ETS to expand to the industrial sectors, achieve significant greenhouse gas emissions reductions, and realise its potential in helping the country achieve its dual carbon targets cost-effectively.<\/p>\n<p><em>This article was originally published on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chinadialogue.net\/en\/pollution\/chinas-plan-to-clean-up-new-pollutants\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">China Dialogue<\/a>\u00a0under the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Creative Commons BY NC ND<\/a>\u00a0licence.<\/em><\/p>\n<h5>Call +44 (0)20 7802 2000 or email\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:enquiries@cbbc.org\">enquiries@cbbc.org<\/a>\u00a0now to find out how CBBC\u2019s market research services can help you build knowledge and understanding of the Chinese market prior to investment.<\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"\/lp-cta-membership1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7248 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-membership1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"4680\" height=\"786\" srcset=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-membership1.png 4680w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-membership1-300x50.png 300w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-membership1-1024x172.png 1024w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-membership1-768x129.png 768w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-membership1-1536x258.png 1536w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-membership1-2048x344.png 2048w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-membership1-1920x322.png 1920w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-membership1-1170x197.png 1170w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-membership1-585x98.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4680px) 100vw, 4680px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>China is tackling data integrity issues within its carbon market, but more efforts are urgently needed to establish effective controls and minimise complications brought on by other policy drivers, write Alistair Ritchie and Chen Yi from China Dialogue As concern about climate change increases, a growing number of countries have pledged to reduce carbon emissions by implementing one of the most cost-effective solutions, an emissions trading system (ETS). So far,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":11068,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[129],"tags":[2248,2249,2247,2250,2135,2427],"class_list":["post-11067","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","tag-carbon","tag-carbon-markets","tag-emissions","tag-emissions-trading","tag-net-zero","tag-paywall"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How successful is China&#039;s emissions trading system? - Focus - China Britain Business Council<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"China&#039;s emissions trading system (ETS) accounts for more than 10% of worldwide emissions \u2013 but will fraudulent reporting scupper its success?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How successful is China&#039;s emissions trading system? - Focus - China Britain Business Council\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"China&#039;s emissions trading system (ETS) accounts for more than 10% of worldwide emissions \u2013 but will fraudulent reporting scupper its success?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Focus - China Britain Business Council\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/chinabritainbusinesscouncil\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-10-10T07:30:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-04-23T09:37:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/shutterstock_262539062.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"429\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Elinor Greenhouse\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ChinaBritain\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ChinaBritain\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Elinor Greenhouse\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Elinor Greenhouse\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/#\/schema\/person\/e9467e4f57bfab6faebe36d3d318fc19\"},\"headline\":\"How successful is China&#8217;s emissions trading system?\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-10-10T07:30:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-23T09:37:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/\"},\"wordCount\":1162,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/shutterstock_262539062.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Carbon\",\"carbon markets\",\"Emissions\",\"emissions trading\",\"net zero\",\"Paywall\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Environment\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/\",\"name\":\"How successful is China's emissions trading system? - Focus - China Britain Business Council\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/shutterstock_262539062.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-10-10T07:30:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-04-23T09:37:21+00:00\",\"description\":\"China's emissions trading system (ETS) accounts for more than 10% of worldwide emissions \u2013 but will fraudulent reporting scupper its success?\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/shutterstock_262539062.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/shutterstock_262539062.jpg\",\"width\":1000,\"height\":429},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"How successful is China&#8217;s emissions trading system?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/\",\"name\":\"CHINA-BRITAIN BUSINESS FOCUS\",\"description\":\"FOCUS is the content arm of The China-Britain Business Council\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"CBBC\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Asset-1.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Asset-1.svg\",\"width\":1,\"height\":1,\"caption\":\"CBBC\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/chinabritainbusinesscouncil\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/ChinaBritain\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/china-britain-business-council\/\",\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China\u2013Britain_Business_Council\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/#\/schema\/person\/e9467e4f57bfab6faebe36d3d318fc19\",\"name\":\"Elinor Greenhouse\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cropped-Elinor-Headshot-96x96.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cropped-Elinor-Headshot-96x96.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Elinor Greenhouse\"},\"description\":\"Elinor Greenhouse is CBBC's sector lead for tech &amp; innovation, healthcare &amp; life sciences. For more information and to discuss your strategy in China\u2019s knowledge economy contact Elinor at Elinor.Greenhouse@cbbc.org.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/author\/elinor-greenhouse\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"How successful is China's emissions trading system? - Focus - China Britain Business Council","description":"China's emissions trading system (ETS) accounts for more than 10% of worldwide emissions \u2013 but will fraudulent reporting scupper its success?","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"How successful is China's emissions trading system? - Focus - China Britain Business Council","og_description":"China's emissions trading system (ETS) accounts for more than 10% of worldwide emissions \u2013 but will fraudulent reporting scupper its success?","og_url":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/","og_site_name":"Focus - China Britain Business Council","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/chinabritainbusinesscouncil","article_published_time":"2022-10-10T07:30:32+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-04-23T09:37:21+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1000,"height":429,"url":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/shutterstock_262539062.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Elinor Greenhouse","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@ChinaBritain","twitter_site":"@ChinaBritain","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Elinor Greenhouse","Estimated reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/"},"author":{"name":"Elinor Greenhouse","@id":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/#\/schema\/person\/e9467e4f57bfab6faebe36d3d318fc19"},"headline":"How successful is China&#8217;s emissions trading system?","datePublished":"2022-10-10T07:30:32+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-23T09:37:21+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/"},"wordCount":1162,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/shutterstock_262539062.jpg","keywords":["Carbon","carbon markets","Emissions","emissions trading","net zero","Paywall"],"articleSection":["Environment"],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/","url":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/","name":"How successful is China's emissions trading system? - Focus - China Britain Business Council","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/shutterstock_262539062.jpg","datePublished":"2022-10-10T07:30:32+00:00","dateModified":"2025-04-23T09:37:21+00:00","description":"China's emissions trading system (ETS) accounts for more than 10% of worldwide emissions \u2013 but will fraudulent reporting scupper its success?","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/shutterstock_262539062.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/shutterstock_262539062.jpg","width":1000,"height":429},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-successful-is-chinas-emissions-trading-system\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"How successful is China&#8217;s emissions trading system?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/","name":"CHINA-BRITAIN BUSINESS FOCUS","description":"FOCUS is the content arm of The China-Britain Business Council","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/#organization","name":"CBBC","url":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Asset-1.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Asset-1.svg","width":1,"height":1,"caption":"CBBC"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/chinabritainbusinesscouncil","https:\/\/x.com\/ChinaBritain","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/china-britain-business-council\/","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China\u2013Britain_Business_Council"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/#\/schema\/person\/e9467e4f57bfab6faebe36d3d318fc19","name":"Elinor Greenhouse","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cropped-Elinor-Headshot-96x96.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/cropped-Elinor-Headshot-96x96.jpg","caption":"Elinor Greenhouse"},"description":"Elinor Greenhouse is CBBC's sector lead for tech &amp; innovation, healthcare &amp; life sciences. For more information and to discuss your strategy in China\u2019s knowledge economy contact Elinor at Elinor.Greenhouse@cbbc.org.","url":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/author\/elinor-greenhouse\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11067","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/38"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11067"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11067\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11075,"href":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11067\/revisions\/11075"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11068"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11067"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11067"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11067"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}