{"id":12064,"date":"2023-03-31T12:30:16","date_gmt":"2023-03-31T12:30:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/?p=12064"},"modified":"2023-04-03T20:45:18","modified_gmt":"2023-04-03T20:45:18","slug":"themes-and-insights-from-the-2023-two-sessions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/themes-and-insights-from-the-2023-two-sessions\/","title":{"rendered":"Themes and Insights from the 2023 \u201cTwo Sessions\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Despite their largely pre-orchestrated nature, the so-called \u201cTwo Sessions\u201d or <em>lianghui<\/em> (\u4e24\u4f1a) still shed valuable light on the priorities, intentions, and preoccupations of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). <strong>CBBC\u2019s Senior China Policy Analyst<\/strong>, <strong>Kenrick Davis<\/strong>, picks out four main themes from the Two Sessions and their implications for business<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"\/lp-cta-general\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7247 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-general.png\" alt=\"launchpad CBBC\" width=\"4680\" height=\"786\" srcset=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-general.png 4680w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-general-300x50.png 300w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-general-1024x172.png 1024w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-general-768x129.png 768w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-general-1536x258.png 1536w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-general-2048x344.png 2048w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-general-1920x322.png 1920w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-general-1170x197.png 1170w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-general-585x98.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4680px) 100vw, 4680px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Theme 1: Consumption<\/h4>\n<p>If the popular Chinese expression \u201cimportant things must be said three times\u201d is to be taken literally, then consumption is tremendously important this year. Since December, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has repeatedly iterated the idea that consumption \u2013 as opposed to just investment \u2013 needs to be a strong growth driver in 2023. From the start of the year, local governments, banks, and companies have taken the hint by offering subsidies, discounts and beneficial policies to consumers and businesses, and this top-line message was again spelled out at the Two Sessions.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Number one priority:<\/strong> In his Government Work Report (GWR), the outgoing premier Li Keqiang named driving up consumption as China\u2019s number one economic priority. Without going into specifics, he called on the recovery and expansion of consumption by lifting wages, increasing society-wide investment and stabilising the purchase of big-ticket items. This message was later reiterated by President Xi Jinping and other leaders.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Job growth:<\/strong> Urban unemployment was set at 5.5% and an ambitious target of 12 million new urban jobs was fixed. If achieved, this should boost consumption and GDP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>CBBC insights:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Improved sales:<\/strong> Any uptick in consumer confidence will evidently aid domestic and foreign businesses after widespread uncertainty depressed sales last year.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Policy benefits:<\/strong> Businesses should keep an eye out for favourable policies in response to the government\u2019s consumption call. During the Two Sessions, Beijing declared that foreign retailers setting up shop locally <a href=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/why-its-a-great-time-to-launch-a-new-brand-in-beijing\/#.ZCsSxaDMKrc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">may claim a RMB 5 million subsidy<\/a>, and Hainan has since upgraded duty-free shopping and resumed its visa-free policy for <a href=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/china-resumes-normal-visa-services\/#.ZCsTLaDMKrc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">foreign travellers<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"clear:both; margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:2em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/how-the-digital-economy-transformed-entrepreneurship-in-china\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"dofollow\" class=\"ue5949ea1068002dfba30eb5d0255e9a6\"><style> .ue5949ea1068002dfba30eb5d0255e9a6 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #E74C3C!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ue5949ea1068002dfba30eb5d0255e9a6:active, .ue5949ea1068002dfba30eb5d0255e9a6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ue5949ea1068002dfba30eb5d0255e9a6 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ue5949ea1068002dfba30eb5d0255e9a6 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:#E74C3C; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ue5949ea1068002dfba30eb5d0255e9a6 .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ue5949ea1068002dfba30eb5d0255e9a6:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } <\/style><div style=\"padding-left:1em; padding-right:1em;\"><span class=\"ctaText\">Read Also<\/span>&nbsp; <span class=\"postTitle\">How the digital economy transformed entrepreneurship in China<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div>\n<h4>Theme 2: Private business<\/h4>\n<p>The Two Sessions also underscored the importance of domestic and foreign private businesses, which have been impacted negatively by <a href=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/what-happened-to-chinas-zero-covid-policy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zero-Covid<\/a> policies and crackdowns in recent years.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Protect private business:<\/strong> The GWR called for the protection, support, fair treatment and guidance of private businesses. It also named the attraction of <a href=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/can-foreign-investors-trust-china-in-2023\/#.ZCsUR6DMKrc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">foreign direct investment<\/a> as China\u2019s fourth top economic priority.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Premier Li Qiang\u2019s ascension:<\/strong> Towards the end of the Two Sessions, China welcomed its new premier, <a href=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/who-is-on-chinas-new-politburo-standing-committee\/#.ZCsUeqDMKrc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Li Qiang<\/a>, a pragmatist and ally of President Xi whose roots and track record suggest he is pro-business. In his first talk with the media, Mr Li said that the government was \u201cunswervingly\u201d committed to private business and keen to promote fair competition, adding that political leaders should make friends with business people.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Legislated equality:<\/strong> On 7 March, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce (ACFIC) made a proposal to the State Council, suggesting a radical piece of legislation giving private enterprises equal treatment to state-owned organisations under the law. The legislation has received widespread domestic media attention but may not be adopted.<\/li>\n<li><strong>IPR:<\/strong> China\u2019s intellectual property rights office has been placed directly under the State Council. This will give it far more authority and indicates that the government is <a href=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/the-5-biggest-china-ip-stories-of-2023\/#.ZCsWUaDMKrc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prioritising IPR<\/a>, which is essential for the fostering of entrepreneurship and innovation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>CBBC insights:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Messaging:<\/strong> Clearly, business and investor confidence will be rebuilt through action rather than rhetoric, but the government\u2019s comments on private business and FDI, and the empowering of IPR organs, are positive signs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"clear:both; margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:2em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/who-is-on-chinas-new-politburo-standing-committee\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"dofollow\" class=\"u614f6f018b51814443b8d666e5633769\"><style> .u614f6f018b51814443b8d666e5633769 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #E74C3C!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u614f6f018b51814443b8d666e5633769:active, .u614f6f018b51814443b8d666e5633769:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u614f6f018b51814443b8d666e5633769 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u614f6f018b51814443b8d666e5633769 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:#E74C3C; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u614f6f018b51814443b8d666e5633769 .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u614f6f018b51814443b8d666e5633769:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } <\/style><div style=\"padding-left:1em; padding-right:1em;\"><span class=\"ctaText\">Read Also<\/span>&nbsp; <span class=\"postTitle\">Who is on China's new Politburo Standing Committee?<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div>\n<h4>Theme 3: Stability<\/h4>\n<p>Following a <a href=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/what-happened-to-chinas-zero-covid-policy\/#.ZCsW0KDMKrc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tumultuous 2022<\/a>, Two Sessions\u2019\u00a0changes and targets reflect the Chinese government\u2019s desire to stabilise the economy and guide it towards more sustainable growth.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Say it again:<\/strong> \u201cStability\u201d is so important, it was mentioned a record 33 times in the GWR.<\/li>\n<li><strong>GDP growth:<\/strong> An apparently unambitious economic target of \u201caround 5%\u201d GDP growth was set for the year. This realistic goal takes China\u2019s current ongoing economic and geopolitical challenges into account and signals to already debt-laden local governments that massive stimulus in infrastructure and <a href=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/what-is-happening-in-chinas-real-estate-sector\/#.ZCszRKDMKrc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">real estate<\/a> is not the desired route to economic recovery.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Financial restructuring:<\/strong> China\u2019s financial regulatory apparatus underwent significant reforms, with existing bodies being renamed, given more authority, and having their responsibilities shifted. The reform aims to give regulators more power to carry out their functions and solve the issue of abusable gaps and overlaps in jurisdiction. It moves China towards a \u201cTwin Peaks\u201d model of regulation where the central bank manages prudential policy, and another regulator manages market conduct and consumer protection.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Keeping of the guard:<\/strong> While a swathe of top government personnel changes was announced at the Two Sessions, two central finance leaders \u2013 Finance Minister Liu Kun and People\u2019s Bank of China governor Yi Gang \u2013 will remain in place for now, maintaining some continuity to reassure markets as structural reforms are carried out.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>CBBC insights:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Better markets:<\/strong> Stability is a welcome stance following the disruptive lockdowns and confidence-rocking instability of the real estate market in recent years.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clarity:<\/strong> The financial reshuffle may benefit related businesses by leading to more consistent implementation of policy, clearer rules, and more streamlined processes. There will, however, probably be a period of uncertainty in the upcoming months during the reshuffle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Theme 4: Futureproofing<\/h4>\n<p>Several Two Sessions changes and announcements are aimed at advancing China\u2019s technological, scientific and military capabilities in order to safeguard its security and future prosperity.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>SciTech upgrade:<\/strong> The Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) was stripped of unnecessary functions but given more authority. It\u2019s now tasked with pooling national resources to achieve breakthroughs and greater autonomy in areas such as microchips. The creation of a new science and technology-focussed commission \u2013 a party-run body that will sit over MoST and likely be chaired by President Xi \u2013 indicates the very high priority given to this domain.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Military upgrade:<\/strong> China\u2019s military spending was increased by 7%, the highest increase in a decade. The change keeps China as the second-highest military spender in the world, though it remains dwarfed by the USA\u2019s military budget. The spending boost reflects an attempt to upgrade security during a period of geopolitical tension and improve its capacity to carry out humanitarian activities in the event of global crises.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Data upgrade:<\/strong> A body aimed at governing the use and commercial development of big data was created and placed under a high-level party commission \u2013 again implying that it is a high-priority area. Interestingly, one of this body&#8217;s goals is to encourage data sharing for the sake of promoting \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/taking-british-smart-city-technology-to-china\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">smart cities<\/a>\u201d and an increasingly digital society.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fighting talk:<\/strong> Highly unusually, President Xi spoke out publicly against America and the West&#8217;s \u201ccontainment\u201d of China in the midst of Two Sessions talks and called on private businesses to \u201cfight\u201d alongside the party. This discouraging messaging reflects underlying anxiety about wider geopolitical tensions and Black Swan events such as the US\u2019s highly disruptive microchip chip ban on 7 October last year, and calls on ministries and companies to increase their preparedness for crises.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"clear:both; margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:2em;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/the-outlook-for-uk-china-education-partnerships-in-2023\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"dofollow\" class=\"u3f769f2638cf7a84d691b4e815c5b3af\"><style> .u3f769f2638cf7a84d691b4e815c5b3af { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #E74C3C!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u3f769f2638cf7a84d691b4e815c5b3af:active, .u3f769f2638cf7a84d691b4e815c5b3af:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u3f769f2638cf7a84d691b4e815c5b3af { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u3f769f2638cf7a84d691b4e815c5b3af .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:#E74C3C; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u3f769f2638cf7a84d691b4e815c5b3af .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u3f769f2638cf7a84d691b4e815c5b3af:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } <\/style><div style=\"padding-left:1em; padding-right:1em;\"><span class=\"ctaText\">Read Also<\/span>&nbsp; <span class=\"postTitle\">The outlook for UK-China education partnerships in 2023<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div>\n<p><strong>CBBC Insights:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mixed messages:<\/strong> Despite President Xi\u2019s ominous words, Premier Li \u2013 who oversees policy implementation \u2013 said that China was keen to diffuse tensions and that decoupling benefitted nobody.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Data rules:<\/strong> Conforming to China\u2019s opaque data rules has been something of a nightmare for businesses in recent years, so any improvement on that front will be welcome.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Investment:<\/strong> China\u2019s emphasis on science and emerging tech fields, combined with calls for FDI and <a href=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/should-brands-in-china-spend-on-marketing-or-rd-the-case-of-beneunder\/#.ZCs6J-zMLDI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">foreign R&amp;D<\/a> centres, may point to business opportunities in areas such as big data, smart cities, IoT and blockchain. The UK could also benefit from joint research partnerships in fields where China is a world leader.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Call +44 (0)20 7802 2000 or email <a href=\"mailto:enquiries@cbbc.org\">enquiries@cbbc.org<\/a>\u00a0now to find out how CBBC\u2019s market research and analysis services can provide you with the information you need to succeed in China.<\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"\/lp-cta-membership1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7248 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-membership1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"4680\" height=\"786\" srcset=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-membership1.png 4680w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-membership1-300x50.png 300w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-membership1-1024x172.png 1024w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-membership1-768x129.png 768w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-membership1-1536x258.png 1536w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-membership1-2048x344.png 2048w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-membership1-1920x322.png 1920w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-membership1-1170x197.png 1170w, https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/lp-membership1-585x98.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4680px) 100vw, 4680px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Despite their largely pre-orchestrated nature, the so-called \u201cTwo Sessions\u201d or lianghui (\u4e24\u4f1a) still shed valuable light on the priorities, intentions, and preoccupations of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). CBBC\u2019s Senior China Policy Analyst, Kenrick Davis, picks out four main themes from the Two Sessions and their implications for business Theme 1: Consumption If the popular Chinese expression \u201cimportant things must be said three times\u201d is to be taken literally, then&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":7569,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[132],"tags":[332,331],"class_list":["post-12064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-lianghui","tag-two-sessions"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Themes and Insights from the 2023 \u201cTwo Sessions\u201d - Focus - China Britain Business Council<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"From a proposal that private companies be given equal treatment to SOEs, to a big focus on stability, what happened at China&#039;s Two Sessions?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/themes-and-insights-from-the-2023-two-sessions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Themes and Insights from the 2023 \u201cTwo Sessions\u201d - 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