{"id":2325,"date":"2020-03-01T09:43:57","date_gmt":"2020-03-01T01:43:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cbbcfocus.com\/?p=2325"},"modified":"2025-04-23T10:11:01","modified_gmt":"2025-04-23T10:11:01","slug":"shanghai-zero-waste","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/shanghai-zero-waste\/","title":{"rendered":"Shanghai may become a model for zero-waste cities around the world"},"content":{"rendered":"

As China brings into effect further recycling rules, could the country become a new model for urban recycling, asks Charlotte Middlehurst<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Before new recycling rules came into effect last summer, taking out the trash used to be simple for Ni Yuan, a resident of a leafy middle-class Shanghai neighbourhood. She would sort household waste into only two categories, wet and dry, and deposit it at her convenience.<\/p>\n

On July 1, the Shanghai government enforced the Domestic Waste Management Law, making it mandatory for all citizens and businesses to recycle waste into four categories at designated times of the day.<\/p>\n

Failure to comply now results in fines of up to RMB 200 (around \u00a322) for individuals, rising to RMB\u00a050,000\u00a0(\u00a35,500) for companies. While Shanghai officially adopted a recycling policy fifteen years ago, this seems to be the first with teeth.<\/p>\n

The recent crackdown is the latest battle in China\u2019s war on pollution, first declared by Premier Li Keqiang in 2014. If successful, it could become a shining example of how to clean up cities in the modern digital era \u2014 and a template for Southeast Asian nations struggling to decouple their economic growth from waste production. Failure could prove the opposite: that a centralised, top-down approach to socio-economic reform has serious limitations.<\/p>\n

\"launchpad<\/a><\/p>\n

The municipality of Shanghai has implemented a variety of measures to educate the population to correctly sort their waste. In a bid to win over youngsters, video games have popped up in arcades around town offering players a chance to practise their trash-dunking technique.<\/p>\n

Along with them, gaming apps for\u00a0smartphones\u00a0help users navigate the new rules. Virtual Reality\u00a0<\/a>simulators have also appeared around town, allowing players to accrue points by dropping waste into imaginary bins.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt’s simple and easy to understand. Residents can practice sorting garbage without actually going through their trash, and it is a more effective method than using paper materials when training volunteers,” Wu\u00a0Xia, founder and chief executive of\u00a0VitrellaCore, the company that created the game, told China Daily<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Not only video games, but also songs about recycling set to the tune of revolutionary-era hits have gone viral.\u00a0 Even\u00a0Peppa\u00a0Pig has acted as a guide on the dos and don\u2019ts of kitchen waste\u00a0\u2013 often\u00a0reused as animal fodder.\u00a0In residential compounds, wardens go door-to-door educating people on the new protocol.<\/p>\n

Smart bins use this technology to weigh the amount of rubbish deposited and assign social credits in the form of gifts or cash rebates.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

In Shanghai, any initial resistance to the reforms appears to have acquiesced with many embracing the call for collective action. \u201cAt first a lot of people complained that it wasn\u2019t convenient. But this is exactly what garbage sorting means, you have to walk to a certain place at a certain time so the system can work\u201d, says Ni.<\/p>\n

\u201cPeople have just gotten used to it, as is so often the case here,\u201d observes one expat resident.<\/p>\n

Ancillary news reports and social media campaigns are also dying down. Ni Yuan noted that in her residential compound wardens no longer need to instruct people on how to sort their trash. \u201cAt the beginning, I had doubts at the grassroots level that the government could do things right, but they did. People are taking this seriously\u201d, she says.<\/p>\n

Shanghai has invested over US$ 3 billion\u00a0in the recycling system so far, according to the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development.<\/p>\n

Artificial intelligence projects benefited from these investments. Such projects have become central to the Chinese approach, and make use of facial recognition. For instance, smart\u00a0bins use this technology to weigh the amount of rubbish deposited and assign\u00a0social\u00a0credits in the form of gifts or cash rebates.<\/p>\n

Conversely, facial scanning has been used to punish violators. Surveillance cameras identify in real-time people\u00a0who drop litter in waste-free spaces. Perpetrators will get a fine, and in some instances, have their face humiliatingly projected onto public screens, reports the\u00a0South China Morning Post<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Environmental groups agree that while it\u2019s too soon to tell how lasting these reforms are, early signs are promising.\u00a0\u201cIt\u00a0is still too early to say it is successful or not, but it is absolutely a great start. According to the data the Shanghai government released, more than 8,000 tonnes of kitchen waste is being sorted every day. It is beyond the target they set\u201d says\u00a0Miao\u00a0Zhang, founder of\u00a0Rcubic, a Beijing-based social enterprise that tackles waste. She attributes the success to\u00a0\u201cpowerful\u00a0and efficient community management systems\u201d, rather than tech aids.<\/p>\n

\"recycling<\/p>\n

\u201cA greater share of waste is being treated according to waste management\u00a0practices. It is a better situation for the environment,\u201d says\u00a0Liu\u00a0Hua, a campaign specialist in waste and resources, collaborating with Greenpeace Beijing.<\/p>\n

However, not everyone is so optimistic. Simon\u00a0Ellin, chief executive of the UK\u2019s Recycling Association, represents the interests of UK businesses which have been adversely affected by China\u2019s ban on foreign waste imports. He\u00a0believes that \u00ad\u2013 despite the big investment \u2013 China currently lacks the capacity required to process its domestic waste output.<\/p>\n

Chinese imports of foreign waste fibre fell by 80 percent in the past three years. The same has happened to plastic and scrap metal.<\/p>\n

Shanghai has invested over $3 billion in the recycling system so far<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u201cThis leaves a huge capacity gap\u201d, says Ellin. \u201cPart of the objective is to become self-sufficient to stimulate their own domestic infrastructure, but they are a long way off.\u201d To meet the shortfall, he says domestic manufacturers are importing more virgin fibre which \u201cflies in the face of any environmental ambitions\u201d.<\/p>\n

On the other hand, green reforms are also creating new opportunities for business.<\/p>\n

Alibaba\u00a0founder Jack Ma, has promised to formulate a\u00a0\u201cgreen\u00a0logistics standard\u201d. Other e-giants are following suit.\u00a0Jingdong, an online platform, offers buyers the option of selecting a\u00a0\u201cgreen\u00a0box\u201d for free, a type of packaging that can be reused up to ten times. The company estimates the initiative could save US$ 4.7 million per year if 10 percent of orders switch.<\/p>\n

According to a\u00a02018\u00a0study<\/a>\u00a0by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, circular economy policies in 2030 could save Chinese businesses and households approximately US$ 5.1 trillion\u00a0on high-quality products and services.<\/p>\n

China is the second-largest producer of urban waste globally after the US, according to research by the World Bank<\/a>,<\/u>\u00a0which estimates that by 2030 China will have twice the volume of municipal solid waste\u00a0(MWS)\u00a0than America.<\/p>\n

Despite heavy investment into incineration capacity, much pollution still ends up in landfill, waterways or the ocean. China needs better solutions to prevent cities from drowning under the weight of their own rubbish.<\/p>\n

Last year, China launched a zero-waste cities pilot programme. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment has chosen 11 cities as model trash-cutters. Amongst them are Shenzhen, Chongqing, Hainan and Beijing\u2019s Xiongan new area. They aim to recycle 35 percent of waste by 2020, up from less than 10 percent today. Shanghai has been the last to join the programme.<\/p>\n

Like other rich cities, Shanghai is moving towards a circular economy, where waste is not rubbish but a potentially valuable commodity. Ni is already convinced: \u201cShanghai will become a study centre for a lot of Chinese cities\u201d. Those who fail to grasp this could end up wasting a golden opportunity.<\/p>\n

\"Launchpad<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As China brings into effect further recycling rules, could the country become a new model for urban recycling, asks Charlotte Middlehurst Before new recycling rules came into effect last summer, taking out the trash used to be simple for Ni Yuan, a resident of a leafy middle-class Shanghai neighbourhood. She would sort household waste into only two categories, wet and dry, and deposit it at her convenience. On July 1,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":2326,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[129],"tags":[153,2427,213,201,214],"class_list":["post-2325","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","tag-environment","tag-paywall","tag-recycling","tag-shanghai","tag-urban-planning"],"yoast_head":"\nShanghai may become a model for zero-waste cities around the world - Focus - China Britain Business Council<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Will Shanghai's new regulations and heavy investment into recycling make it a world leader in zero waste?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/focus.cbbc.org\/shanghai-zero-waste\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Shanghai may become a model for zero-waste cities around the world - 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